Methods for in situ assessments of degradatio n, in terms of di sturbance s initiation a nd ecosystem dynamics com prise comparative botanic studies, stands characteristics monitoring or abrupt change in radial Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change.Based on the survey of stumps, the cutting regime and wood extraction is determined over.
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Program Complex Europa Voluntari Drivers Of DegradationAlthough carbon (C) stock change in degradation and devegetation by remote sensing are becoming increasingly powerful, the drivers of degradation, wood collection and harvest dynamics, cannot be understood without on the ground sampling. A methodological tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of forest degradation is proposed as developed based on a research on the stump history in the black locust degrading stands sampled in southwest Romania. Based on the survey of stumps, the cutting regime and wood extraction is determined over a past period of some 15 years. The method allows for a quantitative assessment of wood removal over time, and is suitable for the development of a dynamic baseline and monitoring of degradation avoidance activities. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change DOI 10.1007s11027-010-9273-7 V. Blujdea European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Via Fermi, 21027 Ispra, (V A), Italy. Methodology. REDD. ![]() It was introduced in Europe, as an ornamental plant, in 1601 by J. Robin, the curator of the Royal Botanic Garden of France (Keresztesi 1988 ). As black locust thrives in both temperate and semiarid regions, it has become one of the most widely cultivated broadleaf tree species worldwide. On a global scale, China and South Korea feature the biggest populations, each with more than 1 Mha (Ledgard 1993 ). In Europe, in Hungary, black locust represents approximately 23 of forests area or some 437 kha and 12 of growing stock (Nmeth and Molnr 2005; Redei et al. Romania, with 300 kha, has the next highest area of the species (Sofletea and Curtu 2007 ). In Romania, the first plantations were established around 1850 for the purpose of fixing sand dunes in the southern and eastern part of the country where black locust found a second home. Since it has high growth rates and good stem rectitude, it is so well established that a regional variety, var. Black locust is recognized as a species that coppices vigorously, and is often reported to be invasive and difficult to eradicate (Heim 1990; Krizsik and Kormoczi 2000; Motta et al. It shows sustained growth on marginal and dry sites at young ages (Stringer and Carpenter 1986 ), thus providing coppicing as a solution of management in areas under particular environmental or farming practices (Nyerges 1989 ). Black Locust was massively introduced globally in the second half of the 19th century as panacea to improve degraded lands, as an exotic species provides opportunistic life history strategy compared to local species thus thriving in disturbed lands (e.g., D Antonio and Myerson 2002; Lee and Cho 2004 ). It also features a set of unique physical properties, its wood resistance to decay is legendary since the wood has a high proportion of heartwood, with only the youngest 3 to 5 annual rings as softwood (DeGomez and Wagner 2001 ). Despite its vegetative survival capacity, these forests are often affected by anthropogenic disturbances as they have been usually planted near settlements or accessible areas, where previous natural fores ts were historically r emoved by deforestation or degradation. Meantime black locust is accepted as key species in intensive silvo-pastoral systems (Unruh Snyder et al. In Romania a small share of black locust forests is currently undergoing degradation due to intense human pressure since the recent restitution of forestland that was previously confiscated by communist regime. Over last three decades global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from forestry (including deforestation and forest degradation) have been increasing at a lower rate than other sectors (IPCC 2007 ), under several major barriers to enacting effective policies to reduce forest loss (Nabuurs et al. ![]() Achard et al. 2007; DeFries et al. C pools are structurally affected, under various patterns of anthropogenic actions.
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